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In rats exposed to day of nicotine
2020-01-25
In rats exposed to 1 day of nicotine withdrawal (24 h after the last nicotine administration) we expected a decrease of general locomotor activity and a decrease of global striatal dopamine release, which were assessed in a previous study following 14 days of nicotine exposure and 24 h of nicotine w
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Under conditions of energy scarcity or nutritional
2020-01-25
Under conditions of energy scarcity or nutritional restriction, AMPK, a critical energy sensor, is activated in response to the increased ratio of AMP to ATP. Various kinases may phosphorylate AMPK, leading to its activation. For example, AMPK phosphorylation by liver kinase B 1 (LKB1) at Thr172 res
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The CPA EoS was presented by Kontogeorgis et al in
2020-01-25
The CPA EoS was presented by Kontogeorgis et al., in 1996 [23]. The proposed equation is composed of two parts (SRK EOS + association term) such that it can well predict the thermodynamic behavior of hydrogen bonding materials as a result of considering the association term. Yakoumis et al. (1997) e
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The proposed FDIR technique is presented
2020-01-25
The proposed FDIR technique is presented in the following format: Section 2 contains a survey of typical orbits of interest with regard to the solution dilution environment found in them, which is contrasted with a LEO orbit. Additionally, how the requirements for the satellite system can be estima
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The Eph ephrin signaling system has the ability to elicit
2020-01-25
The Eph–ephrin signaling system has the ability to elicit bidirectional signaling, classical forward signaling by both Eph receptor via its intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity and reverse signaling by the transmembrane ephrin ligand via its cytoplasmic domain [38], [39]. Thus when EphB4 binds with ep
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Inappropriate heme metabolism has been linked to
2020-01-25
Inappropriate heme metabolism has been linked to several neuropsychiatric disorders. In the hippocampi of Alzheimer\'s disease (AD) patients, for example, heme was found to binds intracellular amyloid β (Aβ), resulting in reduced heme bioavailability and its functional deficiency (Atamna and Frey, 2
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In the present study real time polymerase chain reaction als
2020-01-25
In the present study, real-time polymerase chain reaction also confirmed that gene expressions of RT1 class II, locus Bb (RT1-Bb) was up-regulated and Spi-B transcription factor (Spib) was downregulated at day 3 after the VMH lesions. These two genes work as one of immune responses. RT1-Bb controls
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Generally glycines and other small residues
2020-01-25
Generally, glycines (and other small residues such as alanine) present in a helical GxxxG-motif that are facing the same side of the helix form a uniform surface that enables direct contact with a second helix. Crystal structures of multipass membrane proteins have demonstrated that GxxxG-motifs are
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Are the hydrogens removed simultaneously or
2020-01-25
Are the hydrogens removed simultaneously or one by one? — Δ1-KSTDs can catalyze the exchange of alkali-labile tritium or deuterium atoms at the C2 diacerein of their substrates, even when enzyme turnover was prevented by the absence of an electron acceptor for the oxidative half-reaction [97,98] or
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br Conclusions br Conflicts of interest br
2020-01-25
Conclusions Conflicts of interest Research funding This work was financially supported by Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology (No. 16431903800). Main Text Developmental processes make usage of a surprisingly limited number of morphogens and signaling components to control a ple
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One possible pitfall of using
2020-01-25
One possible pitfall of using EPAC2 activators in the treatment of T2DM is their potential to increase glucagon levels. As discussed previously, although the ability of EPAC2 to increase glucagon expression and production is controversial, several studies show that this protein increases Gcg mRNA le
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Further modifications on the position of
2020-01-25
Further modifications on the 8-position of compound led to compound 4 (8-pCPT-2′--Me-cAMP, a.k.a. 007, ), which is a potent (half-maximal activation of EPAC1 at 2.2µM) and selective (about 100-fold EPAC/PKA selectivity) EPAC agonist. Since the discovery of compound , it has been widely used as a pow
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To further define the importance of CYP
2020-01-25
To further define the importance of CYP3A for OSC metabolism in vivo, a strong CYP3A inhibitor ketoconazole was used to test whether CYP3A would affect its metabolism. As expected, the biotransformation of OSC to SC was significantly decreased by ketoconazole at all three substrate concentrations. H
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Consistent with the known tolerance of the Suzuki
2020-01-25
Consistent with the known tolerance of the Suzuki–Miyaura reaction to a wide range of aryl substituents, we subsequently found that the commercially available 3-hydroxyphenylboronic Sulfo-NHS-Biotin pinacol ester () could be coupled to , to give directly and in comparable yield. Smooth conversion of
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br Acknowledgments Grant support was provided by the Leading
2020-01-25
Acknowledgments Grant support was provided by the Leading Academic Discipline Projects of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (J5028) (J50201) to Dr. Mi, the China National Science Foundation Project (81072076) to Dr. Mi, the China National Science Foundation Project (31000349) to Dr. Shen, a
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