• Introduction Histamine was generally accepted as a neurotran

  2021-09-30

  

  Introduction Histamine was generally accepted as a neurotransmitter in 1984, when histamine was first identified to be located in tuberomamillary nucleus (TM) of the brain (Watanabe et al., 1984). In mammals, histaminergic neurons play an important role in regulating multiple physiological activiti

• br Fipronil resistance associated with A S and

  2021-09-30

  

  Fipronil resistance associated with A2′S and A2′G mutations Fipronil is a second-generation NCA (Fig. 1), and A2′S and A2′G mutations provide a low level of cross-resistance to fipronil (Cole et al., 1995, Gao et al., 2007). As shown in Table 1, the A2′S Kenpaullone confers high resistance to di

• br FREE FATTY ACID RECEPTOR GPR br

  2021-09-29

  

  FREE FATTY ACID RECEPTOR 1 (GPR40) G-PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTOR 120 CONCLUSION Free fatty Refametinib receptors whose natural ligands are identified as FFAs having various lengths have been reported. They act as novel nutrient sensing receptors independent of PPARs and FABPs, and they are kn

• Ivabradine HCl mg PD PD L signaling is critical

  2021-09-29

  

  PD-1/PD-L1 signaling is critical for the induction of exhausted CD8+ T Ivabradine HCl mg during the tumor immune response (Barber et al., 2006; Wherry et al., 2007; Wherry and Kurachi,2015; Pauken and Wherry, 2015), but the relationship between PD-1/PD-L1 signaling and Fas/FasL signaling in exhaust

• br Conflict of interest br Introduction

  2021-09-29

  

  Conflict of interest Introduction HAT1 is the founding member of an expanding class of enzymes known as type B histone acetyltransferases (HATs). HATs are divided into two categories, type A and type B [1]. The type A HATs are nuclear enzymes that acetylate histones in the context of GSK212 a

• trospium chloride receptor Newly identified evidence has put

  2021-09-29

  

  Newly identified evidence has put immune checkpoint inhibitors into the spotlight. However, even though they have been reported to achieve optimistic outcomes [67], there is still a provocative question about their limitations [68]. The solid evidence above has provided us with translational values

• VDAC interacts with hexokinase and is

  2021-09-29

  

  VDAC interacts with hexokinase and is implicated in NLRP3 activation in response to noxious stimuli including monosodium urate, silica, and alum (Zhou et al., 2011). Hexokinase dissociation may allow VDAC to carry out this role. It will be informative to block or silence VDAC to explore its function

• Several studies have reported that the genotype

  2021-09-29

  

  Several studies have reported that the genotype and allele frequencies of S267F vary considerably between different study groups and geographical regions (Ezzikouri et al., 2017, Hu et al., 2016, Lee et al., 2017, Li et al., 2014, Pan et al., 2011, Peng et al., 2015, Yang et al., 2016, Zhang et al.,

• Main Text There are over

  2021-09-29

  

  Main Text There are over 200 small GTPases that play critical roles in diverse fundamental cellular processes such as signal transduction, kinesin spindle protein dynamics, and intracellular trafficking. Most of the GTPases act as switch-like molecules by cycling between the guanosine triphosphate

• The recently de orphaned G protein coupled receptor

  2021-09-29

  

  The recently de-orphaned G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR), GPR55, is activated endogenously by L-α-lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI), a lipid signaling molecule, as well as N-arachidonoyl glycine (NAGly) and numerous endo, phyto, and synthetic cannabinoids (Oka et al., 2007, Henstridge et al., 2010, H

• Starting from commercially available dioxaspiro decan

  2021-09-29

  

  Starting from commercially available 1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-ol, was prepared by the synthetic sequence illustrated in . Aromatic nucleophilic substitution of 1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-ol, followed by an channel modulator catalyzed deprotection efficiently gave . A - enriched mixture of (/=∼3

• A number of synthetic GPR agonists have been reported to

  2021-09-29

  

  A number of synthetic GPR119 agonists have been reported to date, several of which have advanced into clinical trials. Reported GPR119 agonists are often composed of three parts as depicted in : a piperidine or a piperazine ring -substituted with a carbamate or a heteroaryl group at the right side,

• br Conclusion br Author statement

  2021-09-29

  

  Conclusion Author statement Acknowledgments Introduction The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis is an important neurohormone network for vertebrates that regulates their gonadal development and maturation, guarantees their pubertal development and maintains their normal reproducti

• Introduction Nicotinic acid niacin NA has been used in the

  2021-09-29

  

  Introduction Nicotinic inositol phosphatase (niacin, NA) has been used in the treatment of dislipidemia and cardiovascular disease for almost 60years (Offermanns, 2006). Large clinical studies showed that niacin alone or in combination with LDL-lowering drugs improved cardiovascular outcomes (Cann

• Moreover there is a third possible

  2021-09-29

  

  Moreover, there is a third possible GnRH agonist target – the endometrium. The human endometrium has been shown to express high levels of both GnRH and GnRH receptors (Maggi et al., 2016), and GnRH agonists affect the function of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator/plasminogen activator inhibit

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