• PFI-1 Introduction Epigenetic alterations play an important

  2022-03-23

  

  Introduction Epigenetic alterations play an important role in carcinogenesis. Aberrant promoter CpG island hypermethylation causes transcriptional gene silencing [1], and has been documented for a number of genes in prostate cancer (PCA) [2]. Histone modifications are also important regulators of t

• br Acknowledgements br Introduction Type

  2022-03-23

  

  Acknowledgements Introduction Type 2 diabetes is a progressive metabolic disorder which is characterised by chronic hyperglycaemia due to relative insulin deficiency, insulin resistance and increased hepatic glucose production [1]. The metabolism of glucose by glycolysis increases the ATP:ADP

• As previously discussed even though glucose is the major

  2022-03-23

  

  As previously discussed, even though glucose is the major fuel of the brain, neuronal cells may use alternative fuels such as ketone bodies in metabolically challenging situations in which glucose availability is limited [6]. Ketogenesis takes place mainly in the liver, although astrocytes can also

• In conclusion this is the first description of a GPR

  2022-03-23

  

  In conclusion, this is the first description of a GPR81 agonist with an ability to exert in vivo efficacy without causing flushing. These results demonstrate that GPR81 small-molecule agonists may be effective for treating dyslipidemia. In addition, targeting GPR81 could prevent the unwanted side ef

• Adenosine triphosphate ATP is thought to be a crucial

  2022-03-22

  

  Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is thought to be a crucial molecule in acute pain signaling in the DRG, as well as in the development and maintenance of chronic pain (Burnstock, 2009, Burnstock, 2013, Burnstock, 2014, Chizh and Illes, 2001). Extracellular ATP activates the ionotropic P2X receptors (Bur

• Acknowledgements br Introduction The neurotransmitter glycin

  2022-03-22

  

  Acknowledgements Introduction The neurotransmitter glycine acts through two receptors: a strychnine-sensitive glycine receptor (GlyA) and a strychnine-insensitive glycine receptor (GlyB). GlyA is localized to the neuronal membrane post-synaptic to inhibitory glycinergic neurons, whereas GlyB is

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion In

  2022-03-22

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion In this study, we discover that Sufu stabilizes Gli1 protein levels by antagonizing Numb/Itch-mediated protein degradation. Together with previous work that demonstrates control of Gli2/3 protein levels by Sufu (Chen et al., 2009, Jia et al., 2009, W

• br Presenilins and apoptosis Apoptosis also known as program

  2022-03-22

  

  Presenilins and apoptosis Apoptosis, also known as programmed cell death, has a critically important role in tissue homeostasis, development, normal ageing and the pathogenesis of several diseases, including cancer and neurological disorders. The presenilins were first linked to apoptosis when ce

• Bile acids BAs are critical

  2022-03-22

  

  Bile acids (BAs) are critical for facilitating the fasudil receptor of dietary lipids and lipid-soluble vitamins in the intestines [6], [7]. At physiological levels, BAs function as signaling molecules and activate specific nuclear receptors [farnesoid X receptor (FXR), pregnane X receptor, and vit

• In the current study we report

  2022-03-22

  

  In the current study, we report the properties of P. anserina mutants carrying mutations in a gene encoding the bi-functional enzyme 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase (PFK-2/FBPase-2). This enzyme catalyzes two opposite reactions (Pilkis et al., 1995, Rider et al., 2004): synthesi

• br Materials and methods br

  2022-03-22

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Since early times, herbs and their extracted substances have been used as foods and medicinal resources worldwide (Petrovska, 2012). A Ginger is one of the most important and oldest spices, consisting of the prepared and sun-dried rhizomes of Zingibe

• Histamine functions as a key neurotransmitter

  2022-03-22

  

  Histamine functions as a key neurotransmitter in multiple circuits to control various behaviors. In Drosophila photoreceptor, histamine is produced de novo by histidine decarboxylase (Burg et al., 1993); meanwhile, maintaining normal histamine content also depends on the histamine recycling pathway

• Almost all of the series and

  2022-03-22

  

  Almost all of the series and compounds exhibited higher activities compared with the compounds in the other series. In these series, the tetrazole group was directly linked to a nitrogen atom of the amide group at the C-28 position, and the C-3 hydroxy group was either unmodified, oxidized, esteri

• P Benzoxaborole substituted macrocyclic compounds based on I

  2022-03-21

  

  P4-Benzoxaborole-substituted macrocyclic compounds based on ITMN-191 scaffold were prepared using a general scheme as shown in . ITMN-191 was prepared by following a patent procedure. The P4 BOC group was removed by treatment with TFA in dichloromethane to give amine . The coupling of the amine to 6

• The Rab to Rab switch on

  2022-03-21

  

  The Rab5 to Rab7 switch on endosomes co-occurs with the release of the Rab5 GEF Rabex5 from endosomes, which prevents further Rab5 activation [5]. In addition, the Rab5 GAP is recruited to inactivate remaining Rab5 [67]. Recent data suggest that another GAP, TBC1D5, which binds the retromer complex,

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