• Toxoplasma gondii is an exceptionally tractable apicomplexan

  2022-05-20

  

  Toxoplasma gondii is an exceptionally tractable apicomplexan parasite that expresses a limited yet representative subset of apicomplexan cyclase orthologs, making it an ideal model for investigating cyclic nucleotide signaling in Apicomplexa. Of the five putative nucleotide cyclases, only TgACα1 and

• The fact that GSK recognition of its substrate involves pre

  2022-05-20

  

  The fact that GSK-3 recognition of its substrate involves pre-phosphorylation supports the rational for using synthetic phosphorylated peptides as substrate competitive inhibitors [57]. Phosphorylated peptides derived from the N-terminal pseudosubstrate sequence of GSK-3β were very weak inhibitors o

• Currently ursodeoxycholic acid UDCA is

  2022-05-20

  

  Currently, ursodeoxycholic 77 (UDCA) is the only recommended and widely used drug in the treatment of CFLD. However, the clinical efficacy of UDCA is controversial. The most recent Cochrane review only identified a small number of trials assessing the effectiveness of UDCA [92]. The authors conclud

• br Introduction Cell surface receptors are central

  2022-05-20

  

  Introduction Cell surface receptors are central to the interaction of cells with their surroundings and play an important role in determining functional responses. These receptors are integral membrane proteins responsible for the binding of extracellular signaling molecules and transduction into

• br Reactive Dicarbonyls and Mitochondrial Dysfunction

  2022-05-20

  

  Reactive Dicarbonyls and Mitochondrial Dysfunction Although mitochondrial dysfunction has been suggested to be one of the main pathogenic mechanisms in diabetic neuropathy, little is known about the nature and extent of mitochondrial damage resulting from chronic hyperglycemia. Mitochondria funct

• br Materials and methods br Acknowledgments br

  2022-05-19

  

  Materials and methods Acknowledgments Introduction Gentiooligosaccharides are novel functional oligosaccharides composed of glucose units linked through β-1,6 glycosidic bonds, examples of which include gentiobiose, gentiotriose and gentiotetraose (Barreteau et al., 2006, Kim et al., 2003,

• br Experimental br Acknowledgments This project

  2022-05-19

  

  Experimental Acknowledgments This project was generously supported by Grünenthal GmbH and IECB. We also thank the staff members of the technical platform of IECB and Grünenthal GmbH for their availability and their skills. Introduction Glucocorticoids (GCs) are essential steroid hormones t

• Besides the described effects on gross locomotor function im

  2022-05-19

  

  Besides the described effects on gross locomotor function, impairment of visuo-motor coordination and fine-motor skills like resting tremors, bradykinesia and rigidity were also investigated, reflecting on the symptomatology of Parkinson's disease in humans (Inzelberg et al., 2008). Preclinically, t

• Cartilage and subchondral bone synovial

  2022-05-19

  

  Cartilage and subchondral bone/synovial tissue interactions are well-recognized features of joint failure and osteoarthritis[17](seeFig. 1A, B). The intimate mechanical and biological interactions between these tissues are likely to alter the structural organization and function of either tissue. Ho

• Introduction Initially postulated to represent the main

  2022-05-19

  

  Introduction Initially postulated to represent the main source of ATP production in eukaryotic cells, mitochondria are recently recognized to perform manifold essential functions beyond energy production, impacting most areas of cell biology and medicine [1]. Mitochondrial metabolism is both the ba

• br FXR FGF in the control of BAs synthesis The

  2022-05-19

  

  FXR–FGF15/19 in the control of BAs synthesis The nuclear receptor FXR is the master regulator of BAs homeostasis, modulating their synthesis, trpv1 antagonist and uptake [15]. FXR decreases BA de novo hepatic biosynthesis by reducing the expression of CYP7A1. At the canalicular membrane, newly-s

• Polyunsaturated fatty acids PUFAs represent a

  2022-05-19

  

  Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) represent a class of lipids that contain two or more carbon double (unsaturated) bonds (CC) and classified as n-3, n-6 and n-9 fatty acids. PUFAs including n-3 such as docosahexaenoic Phosphocreatine disodium salt (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and n-6 such a

• br Ferroptosis modulators With the recognition that

  2022-05-19

  

  Ferroptosis modulators With the recognition that the small molecule erastin targets system xc- and thereby specifically triggers this form of death and that ferrostatin-1 prevents erastin-induced ferroptosis [2], it has become evident that ferroptosis is a druggable pathway with a number of tract

• The current lack of effective treatments for

  2022-05-19

  

  The current lack of effective treatments for primary or metastatic UM leaves a large therapeutic gap for patients and clinicians underscoring an urgent need for the identification of additional pharmacological targets for therapeutic intervention. As YAP-targeting strategies have remained elusive th

• Senger et al performed a retrospective review

  2022-05-19

  

  Senger et al. performed a retrospective review of 17 patients with ICH on dabigatran or rivaroxaban who received 4F-PCC. Eight patients had a traumatic SAR405838 injury (TBI) and nine patients had a spontaneous ICH. Nine patients had a devastating outcome, including severe neurologic deficits, coma

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